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The electricity needs of AI data centers are prompting proposals for dedicated gas-fired plants and other onsite generation, in part as developers contend with slow grid connections and constraints on power equipment.
These approaches can affect emissions, water use, electricity costs, and the oversight of projects—especially when generation is built behind the meter. Technology companies, utilities, regulators, investors, and local communities all have a stake in how new power supplies are built and who bears their costs. Proposed projects also face uncertainty over permitting, financing, equipment availability, and whether planned capacity will be completed.
As the Story So Far driver, it updates the scale of proposed gas capacity and its potential emissions consequences.
Environment America / Tony Dutzik, Libby Werneke, Johanna Neumann
Key Issues
01
Behind-the-meter gas is a speed-to-power response
Long interconnection queues and slower transmission buildout are pushing developers toward dedicated gas plants and microgrids that better match campus schedules. The proposed pipeline is substantial, but capacity in development is not equivalent to operating power and estimates vary in scope.
Strengthening
Drawn from 6 articles
02
Equipment and execution risks constrain the pipeline
Proposed gas capacity is not deliverable power by default: turbine backlogs, equipment costs, interconnection requirements, and financing risks may delay or remove projects. Smaller turbines can arrive sooner but bring cost and efficiency trade-offs, while manufacturers are planning capacity expansions.
Drawn from 5 articles
03
Emissions and environmental oversight remain unresolved
If proposed gas plants operate at scale, their greenhouse-gas and local pollution impacts could be substantial, although estimates differ and actual buildout remains uncertain. Regulatory treatment can depend on how on-site plants serve a campus, while enforcement action shows they are not categorically outside environmental law.
Drawn from 5 articles
04
Community acceptance and cost allocation shape development
Local opposition and concerns that data-center infrastructure could raise household electricity costs are prompting political responses, including approval requirements, moratoria, and cost protections. These pressures can affect whether projects proceed regardless of generation technology.
Drawn from 5 articles
Key Numbers
up to seven years
grid-access wait
U.S. data-center developers
“U.S. data-center developers facing grid-access waits of up to seven years have turned to aeroderivative turbines and diesel generators, despite the higher cost and emissions of on-site power.”
TEXXR
five minutes’ notice
maximum notice before ERCOT curtailment
until transmission upgrades are completed
“The framework allows the grid operator to curtail data centers on five minutes’ notice until transmission upgrades are completed.”
Data Center Richness
around 100 MW
cloud campus scale
customer requirements described by Hart
“Scott Hart, executive vice president of NRG Business, said customer requirements have grown from grid-connected 20–40 MW facilities, to cloud campuses around 100 MW, and now to conversations about a gigawatt and beyond. He described a mismatch between technology timelines of months or a few years and power infrastructure timelines measured in decades. Utilities may need a minimum 15-year customer commitment and secured offtake agreement to finance assets.”
Data Center Knowledge
20–40 MW
grid-connected facility scale
customer requirements described by Hart
“Scott Hart, executive vice president of NRG Business, said customer requirements have grown from grid-connected 20–40 MW facilities, to cloud campuses around 100 MW, and now to conversations about a gigawatt and beyond. He described a mismatch between technology timelines of months or a few years and power infrastructure timelines measured in decades. Utilities may need a minimum 15-year customer commitment and secured offtake agreement to finance assets.”
Data Center Knowledge
a gigawatt and beyond GW
scale of projects under discussion
“Scott Hart, executive vice president of NRG Business, said customer requirements have grown from grid-connected 20–40 MW facilities, to cloud campuses around 100 MW, and now to conversations about a gigawatt and beyond. He described a mismatch between technology timelines of months or a few years and power infrastructure timelines measured in decades. Utilities may need a minimum 15-year customer commitment and secured offtake agreement to finance assets.”
Data Center Knowledge
Looking Back
151 Day Timeline
Articles published over time. Hover any bar for the period and its article count.
May 8
Jun 1
Jun 28
Jul 22
Aug 15
Sep 11
Oct 5
The Story So Far
Escalation
Proposed grid-connected gas capacity climbs sharply
New EIA filings show proposed grid-connected gas additions reaching 60.4 GW by 2030, up from 41.8 GW in the December 2025 forecast and 20.4 GW in January 2023. The reporting links much of the increase to rising data-center electricity demand, extending the Topic’s existing picture of a large gas buildout.
Previously
Data-center developers and power suppliers are pursuing natural-gas plants and microgrids to provide electricity while utility interconnections take time. Global Energy Monitor counted about 189 GW of U.S. gas capacity linked to data centers within a broader 378 GW development pipeline, although estimates and project definitions vary. If built, these projects could bring new power sooner for some facilities, while raising concerns about emissions, consumer costs, equipment availability, and local oversight.
History
10/27/2026
The story now emphasizes that announced gas capacity is uncertain and that developers are pursuing a broader mix of power procurement options, not just on-site gas. Direct power contracts and named hyperscalers also feature more prominently.
U.S. data-center developers are adding onsite gas and diesel generation in 2025 and 2026 to avoid multiyear grid delays, while EPA, PJM, and local authorities address emissions and reliability risks.
U.S. AI data-center developers are expanding gas and hybrid renewable projects in Ohio, Wisconsin, and Texas as grid interconnection delays and community opposition complicate new capacity.
NVIDIA, Google, Emerald AI, Generac, Brookfield Asset Management, Virginia officials, and V-Wire advanced data center power and regulatory initiatives in the United States.
Williams began operating the 200-megawatt Socrates South natural gas plant in New Albany, Ohio, supplying Meta affiliate Sidecat data centers through an independent off-grid system.
U.S. data center developers and technology companies are pursuing large gas-fired power projects during the AI expansion, prompting emissions concerns and regulatory resistance in states including Texas, Ohio, New York, and Kentucky.
Hyperscale data center developers are deploying behind-the-meter gas generation in Louisiana and Ohio as AI demand outpaces grid interconnection and utility planning.
Global Energy Monitor reported in the first half of the year that U.S. developers expanded gas-fired capacity planned for data centers to 189 gigawatts, led by Texas.
Global Energy Monitor reported in the first half of the year that U.S. developers expanded gas-fired capacity planned for data centers to 189 gigawatts, led by Texas.
Environmental Integrity Project estimates 74 proposed U.S. natural-gas plants supplying data centers could add 143 gigawatts and major greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions.
Rystad Energy projects rapid growth in on-site fuel cell power for data centers in North America due to longer US grid interconnection timelines and AI-driven load growth.
Unison Energy CEO Mariko McDonagh Meier says interconnection delays are pushing data center developers toward natural gas CHP microgrids for fast, reliable power.
Reuters reports that Ohio approved an Apollo natural gas power plant within months to supply Meta's Bowling Green data center, raising concerns about accelerated permitting and limited public notice.
Meta’s Bowling Green data center in Ohio is paired with the rapidly approved Apollo Generating Station gas power plant, raising transparency and air-quality concerns.
At the Sept. 21-23 Data Center World Power conference in Dallas, industry leaders discussed scaling data center electricity supply while protecting grid reliability and ratepayers.
At Climate Week in New York City, protesters and data-center executives clashed over expansion as forecasts linked rising compute demand to new gas generation.
Sapphire Technologies and Anax Power plan modular data centers at gas pipeline pressure-regulating stations, with first construction expected in 2026 at an undisclosed location.
Cummins is developing scalable natural gas and hybrid power systems for United States AI data centers facing five-to-seven-year grid connection delays.
Sophie Ruehr and Lorenzo Rosa estimate that corn stover biomethane could supply part of 2026 and 2035 Corn Belt data center demand, but transport limits constrain on-site generation.
Old West All Cap Opportunity said in its Q2 2026 commentary that AI data center growth is straining electricity supply, grid connections, and generation equipment across the United States and Canada.
Environmental Integrity Project modeled 74 announced data center projects with on-site natural gas generation, estimating 662 million tons of annual greenhouse gases and 159,142 tons of air pollution.
Microsoft, Amazon, and Google weigh behind-the-meter natural gas microgrids and related contracts for AI data centers as grid interconnection timelines extend in the USA.
U.S. data center developers are increasing orders for small behind-the-meter gas turbines through 2030 to secure power despite grid connection delays and shortages of larger units.
Ohio Power Siting Board approval of Apollo Generating Station for Meta’s Bowling Green data center illustrates faster off-grid generation permitting for data center electricity demand.
Rhodium Group, CalSTRS, and Generate Capital use a decarbonization scoring framework to rank data center power choices amid grid interconnection delays.
7/9/2026 • Power Procurement & Grid • General
Environment America / Tony Dutzik, Libby Werneke, Johanna Neumann64
The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported in September 2026 that proposed grid-connected gas capacity additions reached 60.4 gigawatts through 2030, amid growing data-center demand.
JPMorgan banker Kevin Foley said on September 1, 2026, that reliable permitted power is increasingly determining which AI data-center projects receive financing globally.
Global Energy Monitor reported Tuesday that U.S. gas-fired power projects planned for data centers exceeded 189 gigawatts by mid-2026 as developers pursued private plants to bypass grid delays.
Amazon is reportedly developing a data center beside a potential 7.65-gigawatt natural-gas power plant in Pecos County, Texas, as AI expansion increases demand for dedicated electricity.
Data center developers and technology companies are expanding gas and diesel power projects across the United States as grid constraints and electricity costs fuel political opposition in Michigan, Kansas, and Texas.
Veolia will operate a 350-megawatt independent microgrid for an AI data center campus in New Albany, Ohio, as electricity demand and grid interconnection delays increase.
Orcadian Energy plc plans an offshore British North Sea data center using on-site electricity generation from Earlham and Orwell gas with CO2 injected into the Earlham reservoir.
Environmental Integrity Project estimates 74 behind-the-meter gas plants for U.S. data-center power could emit 662 million tons of greenhouse gases annually, with Texas hosting nearly half.
Environmental Integrity Project released a report on proposed Texas behind-the-meter gas plants for AI data centers, estimating very large emissions and pollution risks.
Environmental Integrity Project estimates 74 behind-the-meter gas projects for U.S. data centers could emit as much greenhouse gas as France or Australia while accelerating approvals by avoiding grid interconnection.
Meta plans an 800-acre Bowling Green data center while Ohio fast-approves the Apollo off-grid gas power plant starting in early 2020s permitting timelines.
Clayco supports Deep Atomic and a U.S. DOE nuclear-powered AI data center proposal for Idaho National Laboratory in Idaho Falls, alongside Microsoft power plans tied to Crane Energy Center.
Amazon is investing in the GW Ranch gas-fired power plant in Pecos County, Texas, to supply a new data center with 7.65 gigawatts outside the state grid.
In Texas, early engineering for a gigawatt-scale AI training data center is combining 5GW of gas generation, solar, batteries, and microgrid controls to support 20 buildings.
US data-center developers and technology companies are pursuing large gas-fired generation projects, prompting grid reviews, emissions concerns, and political resistance across Texas, Ohio, New York, and Kentucky.
U.S. data-center developers and policymakers are confronting proposed behind-the-meter gas generation and potential emissions, grid-cost and permitting impacts across Texas, Ohio and other states.
Technology companies and developers are proposing large behind-the-meter gas plants across the United States to power AI data centers, prompting emissions concerns and new resistance from governors and communities.
Global Energy Monitor found that US gas-fired power development tied to AI data centers surged during the first half of the year, outpacing China nationwide.
Constellation Energy, Vistra, and Talen Energy are securing long-term nuclear power agreements with major hyperscalers across Texas, Pennsylvania, and PJM for AI data center electricity.
AI data-center expansion is increasing expected electricity demand worldwide, creating opportunities for GE Vernova, Constellation Energy, and Quanta Services across generation and grid infrastructure.
Goldman Sachs projects U.S. data center power demand could reach 108 gigawatts by 2030, supporting AEP transmission investment and Vertiv equipment sales.
Vistra is pursuing hyperscaler power contracts through nuclear PPAs and data-center partnerships in Texas and PJM, while weak ERCOT prices weigh on earnings.
Oklo and NuScale Power are pursuing small modular reactor projects for AI data center customers in the United States as electricity demand grows during the 2020s.
PROPWR said on September 30, 2026, that it is deploying natural-gas generation and battery storage for a hyperscale data center contract in the Midwest.
Teragen Energy recently closed a $6 million pre-seed round to develop on-site fuel cells for data centers from its technology center in Southborough, Massachusetts.
Deloitte, developers, utilities, and engineering firms are reassessing AI data center power and site planning in the United States as demand rises toward 2035.
U.S. data center developers are expanding AI and cloud facilities in states including Virginia and Texas, increasing power, water, permitting, and community pressures nationwide.
Enverus projects U.S. data center operators will add substantial behind-the-meter natural gas generation through 2030 as grid delays limit power availability in Texas, the PJM region, and the Western United States.
Astute Analytica estimates growth in behind the meter SMR and microreactor deployments for data centers through 2035 as AI campus demand and U.S. grid interconnection queues exceed 1,500 GW.
Kodiak Gas Services and Baker Hughes announced a multi-year plan to deploy up to 1.8 GW of behind-the-meter power by 2030 for AI and data center demand across the U.S.
As it emerged from stealth, American Supercritical announced $8 million in funding for turbine-retrofit systems targeting U.S. data-center power needs.
Kodiak Gas Services will deploy about 40 natural gas generation units to supply 76MW of behind-the-meter power to a West Texas data center beginning in late 2026.
INNIO secured a 450-megawatt order from an unnamed U.S. energy company in 2026 for gas engines serving North American data centers, with deliveries expected by 2028.
U.S. data-center developers, including Amazon and Microsoft, are pursuing behind-the-meter natural-gas plants, especially in Texas, to secure electricity faster amid prolonged grid connection delays.
Energy Vault signed an agreement with an unnamed developer to deploy 1.25GW of integrated off-grid power systems for a hyperscale data center development in Texas.
Blackstone and partners committed $5.34 billion to Williams for equity in five behind-the-meter gas projects supplying North American data centers, including Ohio and Utah assets.
Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta reported 2025 emissions increases tied to AI datacenters, while gas based power contracts expand in Texas, Indiana, and Louisiana.
Meta, Microsoft, and Google pursue faster natural gas generation for AI data center campuses as U.S. grid upgrades cannot match power delivery timelines.
Natural gas is increasingly used to power data centers as pipeline capacity constraints and electric interconnection delays slow grid-connected electrification.
5/8/2026 • Power Procurement & Grid • General
The Piedmont Environmental Council / Jessica Edington57
Piedmont Environmental Council and EmPower Analytics Group assessed modeled health impacts from Vantage VA2 on-site gas turbines in Sterling, Virginia, amid grid delays and minor-permit oversight.
Global Energy Monitor found during the first half of the year that the United States was developing more gas-fired capacity than China, largely to supply expanding AI data centers.
U.S. utilities, regulators and communities are confronting AI data-center electricity demand and infrastructure costs across major development states as investment accelerates.
Vistra, Constellation Energy, and Marvell outlined power and chip supply opportunities for AI data centers in U.S. markets through fiscal updates and September 28 trading data.
OpenAI, Meta, and data-center developers are expanding agentic AI infrastructure and gas-fired power capacity as computing demand rises across Silicon Valley and Louisiana.
In the first half of 2026, U.S. technology companies and power developers expanded gas-fired generation proposals tied to data centers, especially in Texas, to supply AI computing demand.
Worley received three engineering contracts from Burr Computer Environments, Inc. for behind-the-meter energy centers supporting data center campuses in the United States.
Amazon.com is developing a West Texas data-center campus capable of hosting up to 7.65 gigawatts of gas-fueled onsite generation as grid delays and opposition increase.
Babcock & Wilcox announced August 11, 2026, that Siemens Energy will develop one gigawatt of turbine generation for a confidential behind-the-meter AI data center project.
Hexagon Agility, in Lincoln, Nebraska, received a 100 million order for mobile compressed natural gas modules in 2020s data center development amid slower pipeline and power buildouts.
Microsoft, Meta, Google, and Amazon are turning to behind-the-meter natural gas generation as U.S. data centers face multi-year grid interconnection delays.
GE Vernova increased hiring and output at the Greenville, South Carolina gas turbine plant as AI data center demand boosted orders for firm power equipment through 2029.
Quantica Infrastructure proposed an AI data center near Broadview, Montana, using records that list potential natural gas and gas-fired turbines as on-demand power sources.
Constellation Energy signed long-term nuclear power agreements with Microsoft and Meta to serve data-center demand in the United States, including a Crane plant restart targeted for 2027.
Anthropic may pursue a $100 billion initial public offering, potentially increasing demand for data-center electricity and backup generation from Vistra and Bloom Energy.
Nature researchers found that AI use by oil and gas companies could enable 470 million to 1.8 billion metric tons of annual carbon dioxide emissions globally, while United States data centers expand gas and diesel power supplies.
TerraPower plans to begin construction in 2027 on a data center power project using a 345-megawatt Natrium reactor with thermal storage, at an undisclosed location.
8/19/2026 • Power Procurement & Grid • General
The Texas Tribune / Alejandra Martinez and Hien An Ngo51
Environmental Integrity Project analysis links Texas data center demand to planned natural gas power plants, emissions projections, and ERCOT-facing load growth as local regulators debate siting and cost responsibility.
The International Energy Agency projects AI data-center electricity demand will rise from 415 terawatt-hours in 2024 to 1,200 terawatt-hours by 2035, increasing pressure on utilities worldwide.
Vistra faced stock volatility in 2025 as data-center electricity demand supported growth expectations while Moss Landing outages and proposed PJM capacity-price caps affected U.S. power markets.
Constellation Energy and GE Vernova are benefiting from rising data center electricity demand through nuclear generation and power equipment, including Microsoft's Pennsylvania agreement.
GE Vernova introduced a medium-voltage UPS for AI data centers and expects shipments to begin in mid-2027, with first-project energization in late 2027.
Everllence signed a US supply agreement with an unnamed data center developer to deliver 480MW of behind-the-meter gas engines in two phases beginning mid-2026.
Dynamis Power Solutions and Baker Hughes announced a 1.3 GW order of modular gas-turbine equipment for data-center and oil-and-gas projects in North America.
Goldman Sachs highlighted Kodiak Gas Services and The Williams Cos. in its Ten Buys list, linking behind-the-meter generation to incremental data center power demand.
Hexagon Agility and Certarus agreed on a USD 100 million Mobile Pipeline module order, with TITAN 510 deliveries starting in Q3 2026 for mobile CNG supply to data centers.
Antora Energy raised $550 million in Series C financing in San Jose to expand thermal-battery manufacturing and support data-center and industrial energy projects.
In Q2, GE Vernova reported that worldwide hyperscaler and data-center electricity demand was driving gas-turbine and electrification orders, including 20 GW of new gas contracts.
Vulcan Infrastructure and Power rebranded on July 24 to pursue AI data center conversions, including a Dresden, New York project facing grid and permitting reviews.
Applied Atomics and BWXT are reviving development of the mPower small modular reactor near Lynchburg, Virginia, to potentially supply electricity to data centers amid surging power demand.
Partners Group agreed to acquire a majority stake in UK-based AVK Power Solutions and fund expanded microgrid capacity, including a 110MW Dublin facility, with more than $1 billion.
In the second quarter, Tulsa-based Williams Companies reported a $15.5 billion project backlog and pipeline expansions intended to supply gas-backed power to U.S. utilities and high-demand customers.
Google and Amazon sustainability reports released in 2025/2026 attribute rising emissions to AI datacenter growth and electricity demand, alongside gas-generated power contracts in Texas, Indiana, and Louisiana.
Energy Transfer and Kinder Morgan are expanding natural-gas pipeline investments in the United States to serve power demand from growing AI data centers.
Mindstream Energy plans a 400MW gas-powered data center at Jordan's Al-Risha gas field after securing a long-term gas supply agreement with Jordan National Petroleum Company.
7/13/2026 • Infrastructure & Site Development • General
INNIO reported second-quarter 2026 results and a 1.1-gigawatt gas-engine order for mega-scale data-center campuses amid rising AI-related power demand.
Bank of America and other firms initiated buy-equivalent coverage of Innio N.V. in mid-2024, citing AI-driven data center power demand and modular onsite gas-engine solutions.
Power Integrations reported in a Q1 2026 earnings call that data center rack and grid-related demand could push its serviceable addressable market above $1 billion by 2030.
Google and Amazon sustainability reports linked AI datacenter buildouts to higher emissions, while gas-generated electricity contracts expanded power supply across Texas, Indiana, and Louisiana.
Energy Transfer and Kinder Morgan are pursuing natural gas pipeline growth linked to AI data center power demand, with projects across their operating networks.