U.S.-China Frontier AI Controls

The dominant issue is how the United States and China are attempting to balance frontier AI development with national-security, misuse, and public-interest constraints.

The United States is described as relying on executive action, procurement decisions, export controls, and voluntary evaluations, while China is weighing selective openness, model registration, and restrictions on advanced systems. The Anthropic-Pentagon dispute and proposals for U.S.-China coordination show that model safeguards, military access, and control over open-weight systems are becoming linked to commercial competition and strategic policy.